Five properties of future livestock and poultry feed additives

Feed additive refers to a general term for the small amount or trace amount of substances added in the process of feed processing, production and use, including nutritional feed additives and general feed additives, which are added to the feed in small doses to achieve a certain purpose. At present and even in the future, the development and production of feed additives will show the following five development trends.

Functional comprehensiveness of feed additives

With the improvement of people's living standards, people also put forward new special requirements for animal products, such as the color, meat quality, taste and health care functions of livestock and poultry products. Most of these requirements can be achieved through the functions of feed additives. Therefore, the functionality of feed additives is also a major direction of future development.

The purpose of using additives is to promote growth and other types of production performance, such as improving egg production rate, hatchability and feed utilization efficiency; Improve the health of livestock and poultry. There are many kinds of feed additives, including those used to supplement nutrients, such as amino acids, inorganic salts, trace elements, vitamins, etc; There are non nutritive additives to improve animal health, promote animal growth or meet special requirements for feed processing; In addition, medicated feed products for disease prevention and treatment are added to the feed, which are called feed drug additives. Feed additives can improve the nutrition of feed, improve the utilization rate of feed, promote animal growth and prevent disease, reduce the loss of nutrients during feed storage, etc. Feed additives are an indispensable part of feed.

Functional additives refer to the additives that enter animals to play a certain biological function through feed addition, which can be divided into growth regulators, immune regulators, feeding regulators, metabolic regulators, livestock product quality regulators and microecological regulators.

Growth regulators are mainly used to regulate, improve and promote growth, or under certain conditions, they can stabilize body weight and maintain body condition. In most cases, their role is to improve growth.

Immunomodulators are as follows: sugars include polysaccharides and oligosaccharides from plants; Proteins include antibodies, amino acids and small peptides; Lipids include unsaturated fatty acids; Nucleic acid includes nucleotide; Micronutrients include mineral elements and vitamins; Plant extracts include ketones, glycosides, etc.

The direction of regulation of food intake regulator is to improve and control food intake, and its regulation mechanism is to achieve regulation through neural, endocrine, chemical and physical regulation.

The microecology mainly refers to the internal environment of the intestinal tract. There are many influencing factors, including the morphology and structure of the digestive tract, the composition of the digestive juice, the physical and chemical properties of the chyme, pH value, temperature, microbial flora, microbial metabolites, etc. These factors are collectively referred to as the microecology. All substances that can regulate the micro ecological environment are called micro ecological regulators.

Animal product quality regulators can affect the quality of animal products, including nutrition, genetics, disease control, feeding management and processing technology.

Effectiveness of feed additives

There are many kinds of feed additives, but the application of each feed additive must have a certain practical effect on the specific object of use. If the feed additive has no effect on the object to be used and the effect is not obvious, it should not be used. For example, when the amino acids in the feed ingredient formula are comprehensive and balanced, it is unnecessary to use amino acid feed additives.

Nutritional feed additive refers to a small amount or trace substance that is mixed into feed to supplement feed nutrients, including feed grade amino acids, vitamins, mineral trace elements, enzyme preparations, non protein nitrogen, etc. Although the demand of livestock and poultry for such ingredients is very small, they are essential for the growth and normal production of livestock and poultry. Since animals cannot synthesize or the synthesis amount is insufficient, such substances must be supplied by feed.

Premix is the abbreviation of additive premix feed. It is an intermediate formula feed product made by mixing one or more trace components (including various trace mineral elements, various vitamins, synthetic amino acids, some drugs and other additives) with diluent or carrier according to the requirements. Premix is an important component of full price formula feed.

Microbial feed additives can inhibit the propagation of harmful bacteria and keep the intestinal flora in balance; Inhibit and prevent the reproduction of harmful bacteria in the intestine, so that the number of beneficial bacteria is dominant.

Feed vitamins play a significant role in promoting the growth of livestock and poultry, improving the immune capacity of the body, reducing the incidence of disease, saving feed and other aspects. According to statistics, feed vitamins account for more than 60% of the total amount of vitamins in the world. In addition, various enzymes in raw materials also have certain effects on vitamins and stability.

Convenience and flexibility of feed additives

The general feed additive refers to a small amount or trace substance mixed into the feed to ensure or improve the feed quality and improve the feed utilization rate. Formulas should also be different due to factors such as animal species differences, seasonal and weather changes, regional differences, environmental differences, and animal health conditions. Feed additives in the future should be closer to and more convenient for practical production and application. Therefore, micromation and premixing are also a direction for the development of feed additives in the future.

Compatibility of feed additives

Feed additives refer to various microelements added in formula feed, including vitamins, microelements, amino acids, growth promoters, antibiotics, antioxidants, mildew inhibitors, enzyme preparations, emulsifiers, hormones, tranquilizers, drug additives and buffers. These numerous additives of different varieties and physical and chemical properties have different functions in feed and livestock production. Feed additives are usually prepared by premixing and diluting two or more raw materials.

From the chemical point of view, if two feed additives are mixed together to affect their respective analysis recovery rate, then these two feed additives are incompatible and cannot be used at the same time; If the two feed additives are mixed together and do not affect their respective analysis recovery rate, the two feed additives are compatible and can be used at the same time.

From the analysis of the effect of additives, if two additives are used together, and there is an antagonistic effect between them, and their effect is weakened or disappeared, then there is a compatibility taboo between the two feed additives; If the two feed additives are used together and their effect is not affected or even improved, the two feed additives are compatible.

Because many feed quality problems are caused by unreasonable compatibility of pharmaceutical additives, special attention should be paid to the incompatibility between pharmaceutical additives in the design of feed additive premix formula, and avoid it as much as possible. The preparation and use of feed additives should have scientific basis, and must strictly comply with the "Specification for the Use of Feed Drug Additives".

Safety of feed additives

Feed additives are mainly used to protect the nutrients in the feed, promote the digestion and absorption of nutrients, regulate the metabolism of the body, improve the health of livestock and poultry, improve the utilization efficiency of nutrients, improve the production level of livestock and poultry, and improve the quality of livestock and poultry products, so as to improve the production performance of livestock and poultry, reduce production costs, and become an indispensable part of the full price formula feed. In the food chain of feed additives - livestock and poultry - human, feed additives are the most basic and important link. Through biological enrichment, some chemical components in feed additives will gradually accumulate in the human body, becoming an important factor affecting human health. Therefore, feed additives are indirect food for human beings. The safety of feed additives determines the safety of livestock and poultry products, and is closely related to people's health, so it is widely concerned by society.

Unsafe and abuse of feed additives will cause harm: According to common sense, feed additives should at least meet the three basic requirements of safety, effectiveness and no environmental pollution. Among the many factors that affect feed safety, the use of illegal drugs and excessive antibiotics is particularly harmful. Therefore, in addition to stricter regulations and firm implementation, it is also very important to develop new feed additives and improve formula feed. Ecological feed additives have no drug residues, no drug resistance and no pollution to the environment. They mainly include functional oligosaccharides, bioactive peptides, microecological preparations, Chinese herbal medicine preparations, enzyme preparations, acidifiers and organic microelements.