Species of Grained Forage and Its Development at Home and Abroad

1. Variety of herbage granule products

According to different processing materials and demands, grass particles can be divided into the following three categories:

1.1 Pure Grass Granules

This kind of product is usually processed and extruded into pellet feed from a single variety of raw materials, such as Leymus chinensis pellet feed and alfalfa pellet feed, which are common in the market. The advantages of this kind of products are single raw materials, simple production process and strong operability. The disadvantages are that the nutrient composition of pellet feed is limited by raw materials and cannot be diversified.

1.2 Mixed forage pellet feed

This kind of pellet feed is produced based on two or more kinds of raw materials and through appropriate proportion

Forage pellet feed, such as the mixed pellet feed of Leymus chinensis and concentrate, the mixed pellet feed of alfalfa and caragana korshinskii, and the mixed pellet feed of alfalfa and straw, has the advantage of diversifying the nutrition of the pellet feed, which can make more effective use of forage resources, and is an effective way to solve the shortage of forage production in China.

1.3 Granular feed for specific types of forage

This kind of feed is a targeted pellet feed produced according to the different nutritional requirements of different livestock and livestock at different stages of development. This kind of feed can improve nutrition, make it easier for livestock to absorb, and effectively improve the utilization rate of feed. This specific mixed feed is very popular in the market, and it is also the main direction of the development of forage pellet feed in the future.

2. Development status of forage grains at home and abroad

2.1 Development status of forage pellet feed abroad

Developed countries with better animal husbandry development in foreign countries attach great importance to the research, development and application of forage pellet feed, and call it "green gold". Australia, which ranks first in the world in grassland industry and animal husbandry development, takes the deep processing of forage feed as the top priority in developing domestic animal husbandry. The United States, New Zealand, France and other developed countries not only attach importance to technological innovation, but also give strong support to application promotion, basic research, applied research and other aspects, and also have corresponding incentive policies on scientific research projects. Although our neighbors, South Korea and Japan, are restricted by the geographical environment and economic form, and most of the forage grains are imported, they have their own leading technologies in the field of deep processing of forage products.

2.2 Development of domestic forage pellet feed

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, China's planting industry began to undergo economic transformation. According to the basic situation of China and the direction of world economic development, the original dual structure was transformed into a ternary structure of feed crops, cash crops and grain crops. Therefore, China's animal husbandry and grass industry has also been vigorously developed. According to the data, China's feed output has maintained a steady growth at an annual growth rate of 10%, and the demand for forage products has also increased annually. The pellet feed industry in grass products has developed rapidly, forming a complete system of processing, storage and transportation of forage pellet feed. According to the data, the herbage granule products produced in China are popular in domestic market and are also sought after by overseas markets. The supply falls short of demand, and the market demand increases year by year. As China's production cannot meet the export demand, the market gap is between 15% and 20% every year. America, Japan, South Korea and other countries need to import more than 2 million tons of high-quality forage such as alfalfa, Leymus chinensis and white clover every year. The demand for protein forage pellets is even greater, increasing at the rate of one million tons per year.

2.3 Main factors restricting the development of forage grain processing in China

The forage grain processing industry in China has developed well, and a systematic and healthy production mode has been formed. However, there is still a big gap between China and Europe and America in terms of output, process level and product quality. This situation is mainly caused by the following factors:

2.3.1 Obsolete equipment

The processing equipment used by most domestic forage grain processing enterprises was purchased at the end of the 20th century. These equipment technology lags behind, the failure rate is high, the consumption is large, and they are not matched with the purchased equipment. These problems have seriously affected the production efficiency and increased the production cost.

2.3.2 Backward production technology

Compared with foreign countries, the production technology of herbage granules in China starts late, lags behind, lacks basic research and innovative technology, so that the quality of products cannot be effectively guaranteed, and the field of high-end products is even blank, lacking effective competitiveness in the market.

2.3.3 Small production scale and low industrialization

Most enterprises are small in scale, unable to form a systematic industrialization model, unable to produce and process on a large scale, have no own raw material production base, and do not have large-scale and intensive grassland to guarantee the supply of raw materials. Most of the raw material supply channels rely on retail farmers. The raw material supply is very unstable, and the utilization rate of products is low, so industrialization cannot be formed.